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1.
Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2014; 43 (3): 310-315
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-159617

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of helminths to absorb heavy metals in comparison with that of the host tissues. We compared the concentration of cadmium [Cd] and chromium [Cr] in urban rats and in their harboring helminthes -Moniliformis moniliformis, Hymenolepis diminuta and larval stage of Taenia taenaeiformis [Cysticercus fasciolaris]. The heavy metal absorption was evaluated in 1g wet weight of parasites and tissues digested in nitric acid, using Inductivity Coupled Plasma [ICP-OES]. A higher concentration of heavy metals was revealed in the helminths than in the host tissues. Bioconcentration factor [BF= C in parasite/C in tissue] for both Cd and Cr absorption was more than 10-fold higher in M. moniliformis than in the three compared host tissues. The BF of Cd in M. moniliformis compared to the liver, kidney and muscle of the host was 9.16, 14.14 and 17.09, respectively. BF in Cr in the same parasite and the same host tissues ranged from 10.67, 7.06 and 4.6. High level of absorption in H. diminuta was significantly likewise; the individual BF of Cd and Cr in H. diminuta compared to the liver, kidney and muscle of the hosts was 4.95, 5.94 and 4.67 vs. 2.67, 11.56 and 5.59. The mean concentration of Cd and Cr in C. fasciolaris was also significantly higher than that in the rat livers [P<0.007 and P<0.004, respectively]. This study claims that parasites of terrestrial animals exposed to heavy metals can be more accurate indicators than the host tissues as new environmental monitoring agents

2.
Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2014; 9 (1): 28-36
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-161339

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis has been identified as a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The present study was aimed to investigate antileishmanial effects of various extracts of Berberis vulgaris also its active com-poenent, berberine against Ieishmania tropica and L infantum species on in vitro experiments..In this study in vitro antileishmanial activity of various extracts of B. vulgaris also its active compoenent, berberine against promastigote and amastigote stages of L. tropica and L. infantum was evaluated, using MTT assay and in a macro-phage model, respectively. Furthermore, infectivity rate and cytotoxicity effects of B. vulgaris and berberine in murine macrophage cells were investigated. The findings of optical density [OD] and IC[50] indicated that B. vulgaris particulary berberine significantly [P<0.05] inhibited the growth rate of promastigote stage of L.tropica and lL.infantum in comparison to meglumine antimoniate [MA]. In addition, B. vulgaris and berberine significantly [P<0.05] decreased the mean number of amastigotes in each macrophage as compared with positive control. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity effects, it could be observed that berberine as compared with B. vulgaris exhibited more cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. Results also showed that when parasites were pre-incubated with B. vulgaris their ability to infect murine macrophages was significantly decreased. Conclusion. B.vulgaris particularly berberine exhibited potent in vitro leishmanicid-al effects against L tropica and L.infantum. Further works are required to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of B. vulgaris on Leishmania species using clinical settings

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